BGRABitmap tutorial 10

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This tutorial shows how to use texture mapping.

Create a new project

Create a new project and add a reference to BGRABitmap, the same way as in the first tutorial.

Using no particular mapping

Let's see what happens if we draw a polygon with a texture using default mapping:

procedure TForm1.FormPaint(Sender: TObject);
var image: TBGRABitmap;
    tex: TBGRABitmap;
begin
  //black background
  image := TBGRABitmap.Create(ClientWidth,ClientHeight, BGRABlack );

  tex:= TBGRABitmap.Create('image.png'); //load a bitmap
  image.FillPolyAntialias( [PointF(110,10), PointF(250,10), PointF(350,160), PointF(10,160)], tex);
  tex.Free;

  image.Draw(Canvas,0,0,True); //draw on the screen
  image.free;
end;

Run the program

You should obtain something like this:

As you can see the image is not deformed.

Affine transformation

We can apply an affine transformation like this:

uses BGRABitmap, BGRABitmapTypes, BGRATransform;

procedure TForm1.PaintImage;
var image: TBGRABitmap;
    tex: TBGRABitmap;
    affine: TBGRAAffineBitmapTransform;

begin
  //black background
  image := TBGRABitmap.Create(ClientWidth,ClientHeight, BGRABlack );

  tex:= TBGRABitmap.Create('image.png'); //load a bitmap

  //create a rotation of 45°
  affine := TBGRAAffineBitmapTransform.Create(tex,True);
  affine.RotateDeg(45);

  //use this transformation as parameter instead of tex
  image.FillPolyAntialias( [PointF(110,10), PointF(250,10), PointF(350,160), PointF(10,160)], affine); 

  affine.Free;
  tex.Free;

  image.Draw(Canvas,0,0,True); //draw on the screen
  image.free;
end;

Run the program

You should obtain a rotated picture in the polygon:

Texture mapping

Now, if we want the texture to be aligned with the polygon border, we can use texture mapping.

Linear mapping

Linear mapping stretched the image linearly along the borders. To do this:

procedure TForm1.PaintImage;
var image: TBGRABitmap;
    tex: TBGRABitmap;
begin
  image := TBGRABitmap.Create(ClientWidth,ClientHeight, BGRABlack );

  tex:= TBGRABitmap.Create('image.png');
  image.FillPolyLinearMapping( [PointF(110,10), PointF(250,10), PointF(350,160), PointF(10,160)], tex,
             [PointF(0,0), PointF(tex.width-1,0), PointF(tex.Width-1,tex.Height-1), PointF(0,tex.Height-1)], true);
  tex.Free;

  image.Draw(Canvas,0,0,True);
  image.free;
end;

To do the mapping, we use FillPolyLinearMapping. Some new parameters appear. Texture coordinates define, for each point of the polygon, the location in the texture. Interpolation option is used for best quality.

Run the program

Now the texture is deformed according to the polygonal shape.

Perspective mapping

The perspective mapping allow to change the depth of each point.

procedure TForm1.PaintImage;
var image: TBGRABitmap;
    tex: TBGRABitmap;
begin
  image := TBGRABitmap.Create(ClientWidth,ClientHeight, BGRABlack );

  tex:= TBGRABitmap.Create('image.png');
  image.FillPolyPerspectiveMapping( [PointF(110,10), PointF(250,10), PointF(350,160), PointF(10,160)],
                                    [75,             75,             50,              50],
       tex, [PointF(0,0), PointF(tex.width-1,0), PointF(tex.Width-1,tex.Height-1), PointF(0,tex.Height-1)], true);
  tex.Free;

  image.Draw(Canvas,0,0,True);
  image.free;
end;

Here the depth is 75 for the top of the polygon and 50 for the bottom of the polygon. It means that the bottom is closer to the observer, as if it were horizontal, like a floor.

Run the program

Now it seems that it is a 3D polygon:

Conclusion

Using these techniques, it is possible to deform an image, like in LazPaint tool "grid deformation", or to render 3D objects with textures, like in tests 19-21 of testbgrafunc (also in LazPaint archive).

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