Difference between revisions of "BGRABitmap tutorial 14"

From Free Pascal wiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
m (→‎More examples: Fix broken link)
(2 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 3: Line 3:
 
{{BGRABitmap_tutorial_index}}
 
{{BGRABitmap_tutorial_index}}
  
This tutorial shows how to use the Canvas2D property of BGRABitmap. Canvas2D is designed to work as the javascript 2d context of the HTML Canvas object.
+
This tutorial shows how to use the Canvas2D property of BGRABitmap. Canvas2D is designed to work like the Javascript 2D context of the HTML Canvas object.
  
 
== First program ==
 
== First program ==
  
Here is a very simple example :
+
Here is a very simple example:
<syntaxhighlight>
+
 
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="pascal">
 
procedure TForm1.FormPaint(Sender: TObject);
 
procedure TForm1.FormPaint(Sender: TObject);
 
var bmp: TBGRABitmap;
 
var bmp: TBGRABitmap;
Line 27: Line 28:
 
The bitmap has a Canvas2D property which provides the fillRect and strokeRect function. The fillStyle is defined to orange by specifying a css color string. When the shape is filled, it uses the fill style, and when the border is drawn, it uses the stroke style.
 
The bitmap has a Canvas2D property which provides the fillRect and strokeRect function. The fillStyle is defined to orange by specifying a css color string. When the shape is filled, it uses the fill style, and when the border is drawn, it uses the stroke style.
  
The code above is equivalent to this javascript code :
+
The code above is equivalent to this Javascript code:
<javascript>
+
 
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="javascript">
 
  var canvas = document.getElementsByTagName("canvas")[0];
 
  var canvas = document.getElementsByTagName("canvas")[0];
 
  canvas.width = 200
 
  canvas.width = 200
Line 38: Line 40:
 
   ctx.strokeRect(50,50,80,60);
 
   ctx.strokeRect(50,50,80,60);
 
  }
 
  }
</javascript>
+
</syntaxhighlight>
  
 
[[Image:BGRATutorial14a.png]]
 
[[Image:BGRATutorial14a.png]]
Line 44: Line 46:
 
== Complex shapes ==
 
== Complex shapes ==
  
To draw a complex shape, it is necessary to define a path :
+
To draw a complex shape, it is necessary to define a path:
<syntaxhighlight> procedure pave();
+
 
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="pascal">
 +
  procedure pave();
 
   begin
 
   begin
 
     ctx.fillStyle ('rgb(130,100,255)');
 
     ctx.fillStyle ('rgb(130,100,255)');
Line 63: Line 67:
 
   bmp.Draw(Canvas,0,0);
 
   bmp.Draw(Canvas,0,0);
 
   bmp.Free;
 
   bmp.Free;
end;  </syntaxhighlight>
+
end;   
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
  
Notice that the line width is defined by the property lineWidth and that the path begins with a beginPath call. If you want more information on the way path works, see [https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Canvas_tutorial/Drawing_shapes javascript documentation].
+
Notice that the line width is defined by the property lineWidth and that the path begins with a beginPath call. If you want more information on the way path works, see the [https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Canvas_tutorial/Drawing_shapes Javascript documentation].
  
 
[[Image:Tutorial14b.png]]
 
[[Image:Tutorial14b.png]]
Line 73: Line 78:
 
Now we can draw the triangle six times with a rotation by calling transformation functions.
 
Now we can draw the triangle six times with a rotation by calling transformation functions.
  
<syntaxhighlight> procedure six();
+
<syntaxhighlight lang="pascal">
 +
  procedure six();
 
   var
 
   var
 
     i: Integer;
 
     i: Integer;
Line 92: Line 98:
 
   bmp.Draw(Canvas,0,0);
 
   bmp.Draw(Canvas,0,0);
 
   bmp.Free;
 
   bmp.Free;
end;    </syntaxhighlight>
+
end;     
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
  
 
[[Image:BGRATutorial14c.png]]
 
[[Image:BGRATutorial14c.png]]
Line 98: Line 105:
 
== Gradients and memory usage ==
 
== Gradients and memory usage ==
  
To use gradients, Canvas2D provides the createLinearGradient and createPattern functions. Theses functions return an interfaced object. You must not free them explicitely. They are freed when there is no more reference to them. For example :
+
To use gradients, Canvas2D provides the createLinearGradient and createPattern functions. Theses functions return an interfaced object. You must not free them explicitely. They are freed when there are no more references to them. For example:
  
<syntaxhighlight>var
+
<syntaxhighlight lang="pascal">
 +
var
 
   grad: IBGRACanvasGradient2D;
 
   grad: IBGRACanvasGradient2D;
 
begin
 
begin
Line 118: Line 126:
 
   ctx.fill();
 
   ctx.fill();
 
   ctx.stroke();
 
   ctx.stroke();
end;  </syntaxhighlight>
+
end;   
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
  
 
The grad variable is assigned with the gradient objects, but there is no call to Free.
 
The grad variable is assigned with the gradient objects, but there is no call to Free.
Line 126: Line 135:
 
== More examples ==
 
== More examples ==
  
Other examples are in the testcanvas2d directory of BGRABitmap archive. Scripts are taken from [http://jean-paul.davalan.pagesperso-orange.fr/lang/jsc/js09.html Jean-Paul Davalan web site] which contains HTML Canvas examples.
+
Other examples are in the testcanvas2d directory of BGRABitmap archive. Scripts are taken from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20190207062328/http://jean-paul.davalan.pagesperso-orange.fr/lang/jsc/js09.html Jean-Paul Davalan web site] (Internet Archive link) which contains HTML Canvas examples.
  
 
[[BGRABitmap tutorial 13|Previous tutorial (pixel coordinates)]] [[BGRABitmap tutorial 15|Next tutorial (3D)]]
 
[[BGRABitmap tutorial 13|Previous tutorial (pixel coordinates)]] [[BGRABitmap tutorial 15|Next tutorial (3D)]]

Revision as of 05:52, 8 May 2021

Deutsch (de) English (en)


Home | Tutorial 1 | Tutorial 2 | Tutorial 3 | Tutorial 4 | Tutorial 5 | Tutorial 6 | Tutorial 7 | Tutorial 8 | Tutorial 9 | Tutorial 10 | Tutorial 11 | Tutorial 12 | Tutorial 13 | Tutorial 14 | Tutorial 15 | Tutorial 16 | Edit

This tutorial shows how to use the Canvas2D property of BGRABitmap. Canvas2D is designed to work like the Javascript 2D context of the HTML Canvas object.

First program

Here is a very simple example:

procedure TForm1.FormPaint(Sender: TObject);
var bmp: TBGRABitmap;
    ctx: TBGRACanvas2D;   
begin
  bmp := TBGRABitmap.Create(ClientWidth,ClientHeight,BGRA(210,210,210));

  ctx := bmp.Canvas2D;
  ctx.fillStyle('rgb(240,128,0)');
  ctx.fillRect(30,30,80,60);
  ctx.strokeRect(50,50,80,60);  

  bmp.Draw(Canvas,0,0);
  bmp.Free;
end;

The bitmap has a Canvas2D property which provides the fillRect and strokeRect function. The fillStyle is defined to orange by specifying a css color string. When the shape is filled, it uses the fill style, and when the border is drawn, it uses the stroke style.

The code above is equivalent to this Javascript code:

 var canvas = document.getElementsByTagName("canvas")[0];
 canvas.width = 200
 canvas.height = 200
 if (canvas.getContext){
   var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d"); 
   ctx.fillStyle = "rgb(240,128,0)";
   ctx.fillRect(30,30,80,60);
   ctx.strokeRect(50,50,80,60);
 }

BGRATutorial14a.png

Complex shapes

To draw a complex shape, it is necessary to define a path:

  procedure pave();
  begin
    ctx.fillStyle ('rgb(130,100,255)');
    ctx.strokeStyle ('rgb(0,0,255)');
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.lineWidth:=2;
    ctx.moveTo(5,5);ctx.lineTo(20,10);ctx.lineTo(55,5);ctx.lineTo(45,18);ctx.lineTo(30,50);
    ctx.closePath();
    ctx.stroke();
    ctx.fill();
  end;  
 
begin
  bmp := TBGRABitmap.Create(ClientWidth,ClientHeight,BGRA(210,210,210));
  ctx := bmp.Canvas2D;
  pave();
  bmp.Draw(Canvas,0,0);
  bmp.Free;
end;

Notice that the line width is defined by the property lineWidth and that the path begins with a beginPath call. If you want more information on the way path works, see the Javascript documentation.

Tutorial14b.png

Using transformations

Now we can draw the triangle six times with a rotation by calling transformation functions.

  procedure six();
  var
    i: Integer;
  begin
     ctx.save();
     for i := 0 to 5 do
     begin
        ctx.rotate(2*PI/6);
        pave();
     end;
     ctx.restore();
  end;
begin
  bmp := TBGRABitmap.Create(ClientWidth,ClientHeight,BGRA(210,210,210));
  ctx := bmp.Canvas2D;
  ctx.translate(80,80);
  six;
  bmp.Draw(Canvas,0,0);
  bmp.Free;
end;

BGRATutorial14c.png

Gradients and memory usage

To use gradients, Canvas2D provides the createLinearGradient and createPattern functions. Theses functions return an interfaced object. You must not free them explicitely. They are freed when there are no more references to them. For example:

var
  grad: IBGRACanvasGradient2D;
begin
  grad := ctx.createLinearGradient(0,0,320,240);
  grad.addColorStop(0.3, '#ff0000');
  grad.addColorStop(0.6, '#0000ff');
  ctx.fillStyle(grad);

  grad := ctx.createLinearGradient(0,0,320,240);
  grad.addColorStop(0.3, '#ffffff');
  grad.addColorStop(0.6, '#000000');
  ctx.strokeStyle(grad);
  ctx.lineWidth := 5;

  ctx.moveto(160,120);
  ctx.arc(160,120,100,Pi/6,-Pi/6,false);
  ctx.fill();
  ctx.stroke();
end;

The grad variable is assigned with the gradient objects, but there is no call to Free.

BGRATutorial14d.png

More examples

Other examples are in the testcanvas2d directory of BGRABitmap archive. Scripts are taken from the Jean-Paul Davalan web site (Internet Archive link) which contains HTML Canvas examples.

Previous tutorial (pixel coordinates) Next tutorial (3D)