Difference between revisions of "Colors/es"

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=Drawing theme elements on your custom controls=
 
=Drawing theme elements on your custom controls=
  
The unit '''Themes''' provides functions to draw single elements of standard controls. For example to draw an expand sign like a TTreeView use the following code:
+
La unidad '''Themes''' aporta funciones para dibujar elementos individuales de controles estandar. Por ejemplo, para dibujar un signo de expansión como un TTreeView utiliza el siguiente código:
  
 
<syntaxhighlight>uses Themes;
 
<syntaxhighlight>uses Themes;

Revision as of 14:12, 17 September 2015

Overview

In the LCL TColor is the standard color type. It is compatible with Delphi's TColor. TColor can represent either an RGB (3x8bit) value, or a system color like clDefault. The LCL can also work with the fpImage system which uses the TFPColor type (which is RGBA (4x16bit), not RGB (3x8bit) like TColor).

Conversions between TColor and RGB values

The Graphics unit provides the following functions:

function Blue(rgb: TColor): BYTE; // does not work on system color
function Green(rgb: TColor): BYTE; // does not work on system color
function Red(rgb: TColor): BYTE; // does not work on system color
function RGBToColor(R, G, B: Byte): TColor;
procedure RedGreenBlue(rgb: TColor; out Red, Green, Blue: Byte); // does not work on system color
function FPColorToTColor(const FPColor: TFPColor): TColor;
function TColorToFPColor(const c: TColor): TFPColor; // does not work on system color
function IsSysColor(AColor: TColorRef): Boolean;

Convert TColor to/from string

Functions to convert strings like "25500" or "$AA0088" or "clNavy" to TColor:

  • StringToColor
  • StringToColorDef

To convert TColor to a nice string:

  • ColorToString

Table of standard colors

About 20 predefined color constants are provided, which are Delphi-compatible:

Colour constant Meaning Hexadecimal value for use with TColor Example
clBlack Black TColor($000000);
clMaroon Maroon TColor($000080);
clGreen Green TColor($008000);
clOlive Olive Green TColor($008080);
clNavy Navy Blue TColor($800000);
clPurple Purple TColor($800080);
clTeal Teal TColor($808000);
clGray Grey TColor($808080);
clSilver Silver TColor($C0C0C0);
clRed Red TColor($0000FF);
clLime Lime Green TColor($00FF00);
clYellow Yellow TColor($00FFFF);
clBlue Blue TColor($FF0000);
clFuchsia Fuchsia TColor($FF00FF);
clAqua Aqua TColor($FFFF00);
clLtGray Light Grey TColor($C0C0C0); clSilver alias
clDkGray Dark Grey TColor($808080); clGray alias
clWhite White TColor($FFFFFF);
clCream Cream TColor($F0FBFF); Lazarus 1.2 and newer
clMedGray Medium Grey TColor($A4A0A0); Lazarus 1.2 and newer
clMoneyGreen Mint Green TColor($C0DCC0); Lazarus 1.2 and newer
clSkyBlue Sky Blue TColor($F0CAA6); Lazarus 1.2 and newer

System colors

Example: clInfoBk, clInfoText

System colors are color constants with a special meaning. Their real value depends on the context and theme. They are not simple colors. For example clInfoBk:

Form1.Canvas.Brush.Color:=clInfoBk;  // use the default background brush of a hint window
Form1.Canvas.FillRect(10,10,50,50);

A hint window on MS Windows might have a white background so the above will draw white. On Linux/gtk2 it might be a metallic texture, so the above will draw the texture. If you want to put some text onto this you need a corresponding color like clInfoText, otherwise your text might be unreadable for the user. For example:

Form1.Canvas.Brush.Color:=clInfoBk;  // use the default background brush of a hint window
Form1.Canvas.FillRect(10,10,50,50);
Form1.Canvas.Font.Color:=clInfoText;  // use the default text color of a hint window
Form1.Canvas.TextOut(10,10,'Hint');

The system color clInfoBk can not be used for Pen.Color and not for Font.Color. If you do so the result is undefined and depends on the widgetset and user theme. The same for clInfoText: It can only be used as a Font.Color. Using it as Brush.Color may not work. At the moment all widgetsets allow to use it as Pen.Color too.

Theme changes

When the user switches the theme the system colors changes. A clInfoBk might change from white to blue or from a color to a texture. This change will happen when you allocate a new Brush handle. Keep in mind that a simple assignment Brush.Color:=clInfoBk does not allocate a Brush Handle. The Brush Handle is allocated on use. For example:

Form1.Canvas.Brush.Color:=clInfoBk; // this will not create a new brush handle
Form1.Canvas.FillRect(10,10,50,50); // this will create the brush handle with the currently active theme brush for hint windows
...
// if the theme changes in this moment the Brush.Handle is still allocated with the old values
...
Form1.Canvas.FillRect(10,10,50,50); // this will paint with the old theme brush
Form1.Canvas.Brush.Color:=clInfoBk; // assigning the old value will not create a new brush handle
Form1.Canvas.FillRect(10,10,50,50); // this will paint with the old theme brush
Form1.Canvas.Brush.Color:=clRed;    // assigning a new color, old Handle invalid
Form1.Canvas.Brush.Color:=clInfoBk; // assigning a new color, old Handle invalid
Form1.Canvas.FillRect(10,10,50,50); // this will create a new handle and paint with the new theme

Tabla de colores del sistema

La siguente tabla lista los colores del sistema y su significado. Utilizarlos fuera de lo especificado en la definición no estaría definido y el resultado obtenido depende del widgetset y del tema. Por ejemplo clDefault es el color de fondo para la brocha (brush) en el contexto de dispositivo utilizado. Si lo que necesitas es pintar elementos tipo button en tus propios controles personalizados entonces utiliza las funciones de la unidad Themes.

Constant Definición LCL Notas Delphi Widgetsets Soportados
clNone Indicates "do not paint". Utilizarlos como color de Control no esta definido. El control no será transparente. - todos
clDefault Using it for Brush will use the normal background brush of the target DC (device context).
  • On a Form's canvas a FillRect will paint a rectangular area filled with the normal background of a standard window. This is whatever the widgetset and theme defines. This might be the color gray or a gradient or a picture.
  • Using clDefault on the Canvas of a TListBox will paint with the normal background, which is normally white on Windows. So in a TListBox clDefault is the same as clWindow.
  • Using it as Pen color will use the default line color for the device context.
  • Using it as Font color will use the normal text color of the device context.
- all
clScrollBar Scrollbar body - all
clBackground ? - all
clActiveCaption Active window titlebar - none
clInactiveCaption Inactive window titlebar - none
clMenu Regular menu item background color - none
clWindow The normal background brush of unselected text. Defined for controls like TEdit, TComboBox, TMemo, TListBox, TTreeView. - none
clWindowFrame Color of frame around the window - none
clMenuText The font color to use together with clMenu - none
clWindowText Font color to use together with clWindow - none
clCaptionText Active window titlebar text color - none
clActiveBorder ? - none
clInactiveBorder ? - none
clAppWorkspace MDIMain form background - none
clHighlight The brush color of selected element - none
clHighlightText Font color of selected text (to use together with clHighligh). - none
clBtnFace Button background - none
clBtnShadow Button shadow color (bottom right) used to achieve 3D effect - none
clGrayText The font color of disabled element - none
clBtnText Button font color to use together with clBtnFace - none
clInactiveCaptionText Inactive window titlebar text color - none
clBtnHighlight Button highlight color (top left) used to achieve 3D effect - none
cl3DDkShadow ? - none
cl3DLight ? - none
clInfoText Font color for hints. Use together with clInfoBk - all
clInfoBk Brush color for hints. Use together with clInfoText - all
clHotLight ? - none
clGradientActiveCaption The second color used to make gradient of active window titlebar - none
clGradientInactiveCaption The second color used to make gradient for inactive window titlebar - none
clMenuHighlight The background color of selected menu item - none
clMenuBar The Backround color of menu bar - none
clForm ? - none
clColorDesktop ? - none
cl3DFace ? - none
cl3DShadow ? - none
cl3DHiLight ? - none
clBtnHiLight Same as clBtnHighlight - none

Drawing theme elements on your custom controls

La unidad Themes aporta funciones para dibujar elementos individuales de controles estandar. Por ejemplo, para dibujar un signo de expansión como un TTreeView utiliza el siguiente código:

uses Themes;

...

procedure TYourCustomControl.Paint;
const
  PlusMinusDetail: array[Boolean {Hot}, Boolean {Expanded}] of TThemedTreeview =
  (
    (ttGlyphClosed, ttGlyphOpened),
    (ttHotGlyphClosed, ttHotGlyphOpened)
  );
var
  Details: TThemedElementDetails;
  R: TRect;
  Collapse: boolean;
begin
  ...
  //draw a themed expand sign.
  Details := ThemeServices.GetElementDetails(PlusMinusDetail[False, Collapse]);
  R := Rect(ALeft, ATop, ARight + 1, ABottom + 1);
  ThemeServices.DrawElement(Canvas.Handle, Details, R, nil);
  ...
end;