FPMake

Introduction

FPMake is a build-system for Pascal code specifically . It can be compared with other build systems like Make, cons, scons, etc.

With FPMake the code is split up into packages. A FPMake-package can contain units, binaries, examples and documentation. Each package can depend on other packages, in which case a package can use the units of it's dependences. FPMake uses two different locations to search for packages, a system-wide (global) and a local location. By default the global location points to the location of the fpc-installation, while the local location is user-specific.

Some parts of fpc itself are compiled using FPMake. (The packages fastcgi and fcl-web in fpc 2.6 and all packages, utilities and the ide in fpc 2.7 and up)

The packages-manager fppkg can be used to manage the FPMake packages and to install them from a remote repository.

How does it work

FPMake works with Pascal-applications called fpmake, of which each can compile and install one or more FPMake-packages. All settings, location of the sources and instructions are defined inside the source of this fpmake-executable. This source-file is normally saved with the name fpmake.pp. The fpmake.pp is compiled into the fpmake-executable, and this executable can build and install the final packages.

Building FPMake packages

The easiest is to use fppkg to build a FPMake package. But it can also be done manually. Locate the sources of the package you want to install and the fpmake.pp file. Now compile the fpmake.pp file:

fpc fpmake.pp

Typical output looks like:

Free Pascal Compiler version 2.7.1 [2014/11/26] for i386
Copyright (c) 1993-2014 by Florian Klaempfl and others
Target OS: Darwin for i386
Compiling fpmake.pp
Assembling (pipe) fpmake.s
Linking fpmake
203 lines compiled, 3.6 sec

Now run the new fpmake(.exe)-executable to build the package(s). This example only contains one package.

On unices or alike:

./fpmake build --globalunitdir=/usr/local/lib/fpc/2.7.1

On Windows or alike:

fpmake.exe build --globalunitdir=c:\pp

Typical output looks like:

Start compiling package fcl-base for target i386-darwin.
      Compiling src/ascii85.pp
      Compiling src/avl_tree.pp
      Compiling src/base64.pp
      Compiling src/fpmimetypes.pp
[100%] Compiled package fcl-base

The --globalunitdir parameter gives the location of the already installed global packages. This way FPMake can find the packages that this package depends on. When there is a second location where packages are installed, in addition the --localunitdir parameter can be used.

If you want to know which path you have to use for the --global(local)unitdir parameter, it's the directory which contains a directory called 'fpmkinst'.

Use the -h parameter to get an overview of all available commands and options.

Installing FPMake packages

Just like building packages, using fppkg to install FPMake packages is the easiest. But it canbe done manually. First compile the package and then call the fpmake executable to install the package.

On unices or alike:

./fpmake install --globalunitdir=/usr/local/lib/fpc/2.7.1 --prefix=/usr/local --baseinstalldir=/usr/local/lib/fpc/2.7.1

On Windows or alike:

fpmake.exe install --globalunitdir=c:\pp --prefix=c:\pp --baseinstalldir=c:\pp

Typical output looks like:

Installing package fcl-base
Installation package fcl-base for target i386-darwin succeeded

The globalunitdir contains the location where to look for packages that the FPMake package can depend on, just like when building the package. The baseinstalldir is the location where the package should be installed to. In general this is the same path as is used for the global- or local-unitdir. Some packages also installs files outside of the baseinstalldir. like configuration files. These packages most often also need a prefix, so providing one is advisable.

Simple example fpmake.pp

  program fpmake;

  uses fpmkunit;

  Var
    P: TPackage;
    T: TTarget;

  begin
    With Installer do
    begin
      P := AddPackage('my-nice-program');
      P.OSes := [win32,openbsd,netbsd,freebsd,darwin,linux];
      T := P.Targets.AddUnit('myunit');
      T.ResourceStrings := True;
      T := P.Targets.AddUnit('myprogram');
      T.Dependencies.Add('myunit');
      Run;
    end;
  end.

Compile with

 fpc fpmake.pp

or

 fppkg build

which will build (if needed) fpmake and run fpmake in the current directory.

More complex example fpmake.pp

  program fpmake;

  uses fpmkunit;

  type TWidgetSet = (wsGDI, wsX, wsCarbon);

  var WidgetSet : TWidgetSet;
      P : TPackage;

  procedure DetermineWidgetSet;
  Var
    I : Integer;
  begin
    if Defaults.OS in AllWindowsOSes then
      WidgetSet := wsGDI else
    if Defaults.OS = MacOS then
      WidgetSet := wsCarbon else
    if Defaults.OS in AllUnixOSes then
      Widgetset := wsX;

    // Check paramstr() to see if the widgetset was overriden on the commandline;
    For I := 1 to ParamCount do
      If ParamStr(i) = '--widgetset=X' then
        WidgetSet := wsX;
  end;

  begin
    DetermineWidgetSet;
    With Installer do
    begin
      // ...
      Case WidgetSet of
        wsGDI : P.UnitPath.Add('corelib/gdi');
        wsX   : P.UnitPath.Add('corelib/x11');
        // etc.
      end;
      //  ...
      Run;
    end;
  end.

Changing Working Directory

If working with units in a subfolder relative to ./fpmake, then "Directory" can be changed.

    With Installer do
    begin
      ...
      Directory:='some/subdir';
      T:= Targets.AddUnit('unitinfolder');
      ...
    end;

Adding directories

You can add directories with the unit path:

  Case Defaults.OS of
    Win32, Win64: 
      begin
        T.UnitPath.Add('corelib/gdi');
        T.Dependencies.Add('gfx_gdi');
      end;
    Linux: 
      begin
        T.UnitPath.Add('corelib/x11');
        T.Dependencies.Add('gfx_x11');
      end;
  end;

Often, it's more comfortable to use set constants like AllWindowsOSes, AllUnixOSes instead of specific OS names.

Appending Compiler Options

Additional custom compiler options (i.e. compiler command line parameters) can be appended by using TTarget.Options, TPackage.Options, or Defaults.Options.

  var T : TTarget;
  ...
  T.Options.Append('-dSOMEDEFINE');
  T.Options.Append('-xyzAnythingYouNeed');

Or

  var P : TPackage;
  ...
  P.Options.Append('-dSOMEDEFINE');

Or

  Defaults.Options.Append('-dSOMEDEFINE');

Note: Before FPC 2.4.0, Options property was a simple string, and it seems it supported passing only one parameter to the compiler. Since FPC 2.4.0 (more precisely, since svn revision 13223) Options is a TStrings instance, so it's much more flexible. This also means that you should use $ifdefs if you want to use Options and want your fpmake.pp be compatible with both FPC < 2.4.0 and >= 2.4.0.

Commands

The fpmake executable takes several commands that determine its behavior.

Compile

The most basic usage of fpmake is:

./fpmake

or

./fpmake compile

This will compile your project when required.

Build

To force a build of your project regardless of whether it is necessary or not, a build command should be issued:

./fpmake build

When executing a build or compile command the units are placed in the directory:

 ./units/CPU-OS

The executable of a library is placed in the directory:

 ./bin/CPU-OS

If either of these directories does not exist, they are created.

The CPU and OS can be changed by using the following options:

./fpmake --CPU=PPC --OS=Darwin

where the CPU switch takes one from:

• Arm
• I386
• PPC
• SPARC
• X86_64
• M68K
• PPC64

and OS takes one from:

• Amiga
• Atari
• Darwin
• FreeBSD
• Go32v2
• Linux
• MacOS
• MorphOS
• NetBSD
• Netware
• NetwLibc
• OpenBSD
• OS2
• PalmOS
• Solaris
• Win32
• Win64
• WinCE
• Emx

Clean

./fpmake clean

Will clean units (i.e. ones that have been added with AddUnit).

Install

./fpmake install

Will install the project to the default location given in fpmake.pp. You can alter the install location with the following command:

fpmake --baseinstalldir='c:\program files\my package';

There are two installer classes implemented:

TBasicInstaller

Does not set the base output directory, this needs to be set in either the code...

  with Installer(TBasicInstaller) do
  begin
    Defaults.BaseInstallDir := 'c:\fpmake_test\';
    {$i fpmake.inc}
    Run;
  end;

... or with the commandline option -B or --baseinstalldir. Either way the use of TBasicInstaller needs to be initiated with the Installer(TBasicInstaller) function.

TFPCInstaller

Sets the output directory in code. This is done in several consecutive steps.

1. Value of FPCDIR environment variable
2. Hardcoded value

Just like TBasicInstaller it is possible to use commandline options to control the base install directory.

Archive

./fpmake archive

will create a zip.

The default filename of the archive is:

 packagename-version.zip

or

 packagename.zip 

when no version is defined.

It is possible to modify the archive filename by setting the FileName property:

  with Installer do
  begin
    ...;
    FileName := 'myfile.zip';
    ...;
  end;

Manifest

To create a manifest file suitable for import into a repository FPC will use the manifest command.

An example manifest file is shown below.

  <?xml version="1.0"?>
  <packages>
  <package name="my-package">
   <version major="0" minor="7" micro="6" build="1"/>
   <filename>my-package-0.7.6-1.zip</filename>
   <author>my name</author>
   <license>GPL</license>
   <homepageurl>http://www.freepascal.org/</homepageurl>
   <email>myname@freepascal.org</email>
   <description>this is the package description</description>
   <dependencies>
    <dependency>
     <package packagename="rtl"/>
    </dependency>
   </dependencies>
  </package>
  </packages>

This manifest file was created using the following code:

  with Installer do
  begin
    P := AddPackage('my-package');

    P.Author := 'my name';
    P.License := 'GPL';
    {$ifdef VER2_2_2} P.ExternalURL {$else} P.HomepageURL {$endif}
      := 'http://www.freepascal.org/';
    P.Email := 'myname@freepascal.org';
    P.Description := 'this is the package description';
    P.Version := '0.7.6-1';

    // ...;

    Run;
  end;

List sources

Note: this seems not available in FPC 2.2.2 and 2.2.4rc1. Please remove this section (if this was an old abandoned idea) or update to say "planned" if it's a future plan.

  ./fpmake listsources

Will create an xml file called sources.xml which lists all sources in the package. Each item has a type node that reveals the function of the file.

  <source type="document">readme.txt</source>
  <source type="source">project.pas</source>
  <source type="example">example.pas</source>
  <source type="test">test_unit.pas</source>

The sources.xml file can be read by fppkg which uses it to create a package by itself.

Innosetup

The plan is to also add

./fpmake innosetup

Which will generate a file that can be included in an Inno Setup (.iss) file, which can be used to generate a Windows installer.

Common error messages

A few common error messages are explained here

Unknown target for unit "[unitname]" in dependencies for [targetname] in package [packagename]

This indicates a problem in the fpmake.pp file. There is a dependency on a unit, added using Target.Dependencies.AddUnit('unitname'). But there is no corresponding target added to the package with the same unitname.

In other words: for every dependency on a unit, there must be a corresponding target within the same package. When there is a dependency on a unit in another package, add a dependency on that package. A dependency on a single file within a different package will not work.

Also note that the unit name has to be without the extension of the corresponding file. (Target.Dependencies.AddUnit('unitnams.pas') will not work, while Targets.Addunit requires the extension to be present)