Program/ru

│ Deutsch (de) │ English (en) │ suomi (fi) │ français (fr) │ Bahasa Indonesia (id) │ italiano (it) │ português (pt) │ русский (ru) │

Понятие программа означает либо исполняемая программа, т.е. самодостаточное и запускаемое приложение, либо часть файла (файлов) с исходным кодом на языке Pascal, который может быть скомпилирован и не объявлен в виде модуля или библиотеки. Иногда оно называется главной программой.

Главная программа

program — это зарезервированное слово, которое представляет файл с исходным кодом классической программы:

program hiWorld(input, output, stdErr);

begin
	writeLn('Hi!');
end.

Тем временем FPC отбрасывает заголовок программы, т.е. первую строку. Имя выходного файла определяется именем файла исходного кода. Однако имя программы становится зарезервированным идентификатором (за исключением режимов ISO [начиная с [FPC 3.3.1/trunk revision #45757; cf. Issue #37322]). В приведенном выше примере, например. попытка определить константу с именем hiWorld вызовет ошибку времени компиляции повторяющегося идентификатора. Имя программы идентифицирует глобальную область, поэтому его можно использовать для записи полных идентификаторов.

The file descriptor list is completely ignored, except in {$mode ISO}. The text variables input, output and stderr are always opened and their names can not be changed in other modes. (cf.: SysInitStdIO is always called in rtl/linux/system.pp)

Therefore with FPC the following complete source code example compiles identically as does the previous example.

begin
	writeLn('Hi!');
end.

If the program is syntactically correct, FPC ignores anything that comes after the final end.. The following will compile without problems:

program awesomeProgram(input, output, stdErr);
begin
	writeLn('Awesome!');
end.I thank my mom, my dad, and everyone who supported me in making this program.

This “feature” is primarily used to supply an in-file changelog or copyright notice.

FPC does not support multiple modules in one source code file, like some other compilers did or do. Each module source code has to reside in its own file. However, the restriction that module names have to match file names does not apply to programs. This is due to the fact that programs cannot be included by other modules, thus searching them (via their file name) is not necessary.

Program structure

A program file has to follow a certain structure.

1. A (depending on used compiler possibly optional) program header.
2. There can be at most one uses-clause and it has to be at the top of the program right after the program header.
3. Exactly one block that concludes with an end. (note the period). This block may contain – in contrast to regular blocks – resourcestring section(s).

The exact order and number of various sections after the (optional) uses-clause until final the compound statement begin…end. is free of choice.

However, there are some plausible considerations.

• A type-section comes prior any section that can use types, e.g. var-sections or routine declarations.
• Since goto is known as the devil’s tool, a label-section, if any, is as close as possible to the statement-frame it is supposed to declare labels for.
• Generally you go from general into specifics: For example a var-section comes in front of a threadVar-section. A const-section comes before a resourceString-section.
• resourceString-sections can be either static or global, that means they should appear relatively soon after the uses-clause.
• Direct usage of global variables in routines (or even the mere possibility) is considered as bad style. Instead, declare/define your routines prior any var-(like)-section. (beware: play it safe and set {$writeableConst off})
• Global compiler directives, especially such that allow or restrict what can be written (e.g. {$goto on} allows the use of goto) or implicitly add unit dependencies like {$mode objFPC} should appear soon after the program header.

Taking all considerations into account the rough program structure should look like this (except for label and {$goto on} which are only mentioned for the sake of completeness):

program sectionDemo(input, output, stdErr);

// Global compiler directives ----------------------------
{$mode objFPC}
{$goto on}

uses
	sysUtils;

const
	answer = 42;

resourceString
	helloWorld = 'Hello world!';

type
	primaryColor = (red, green, blue);

procedure doSomething(const color: primaryColor);
begin
end;

// M A I N -----------------------------------------------
var
	i: longint;

threadVar
	z: longbool;

label
	42;
begin
end.

[The example consciously ignores the possibility of “typed constants”, sticking rather to traditional concepts than unnecessarily confusing beginners.]

See also

• unit
• library
• program structure in the Object Pascal Introduction series
• § “Beginning” in the Pascal Programming book on Wikibooks.org