Windows Programming Tips

This page is dedicated to desktop Windows programming tips.

Other Interfaces

• Lazarus known issues (things that will never be fixed) - A list of interface compatibility issues
• Win32/64 Interface - The Windows API (formerly Win32 API) interface for Windows 95/98/Me/2000/XP/Vista/10, but not CE
• Windows CE Interface - For Pocket PC and Smartphones
• Carbon Interface - The Carbon 32 bit interface for macOS (deprecated; removed from macOS 10.15)
• Cocoa Interface - The Cocoa 64 bit interface for macOS
• Qt Interface - The Qt4 interface for Unixes, macOS, Windows, and Linux-based PDAs
• Qt5 Interface - The Qt5 interface for Unixes, macOS, Windows, and Linux-based PDAs
• GTK1 Interface - The gtk1 interface for Unixes, macOS (X11), Windows
• GTK2 Interface - The gtk2 interface for Unixes, macOS (X11), Windows
• GTK3 Interface - The gtk3 interface for Unixes, macOS (X11), Windows
• fpGUI Interface - Based on the fpGUI library, which is a cross-platform toolkit completely written in Object Pascal
• Custom Drawn Interface - A cross-platform LCL backend written completely in Object Pascal inside Lazarus. The Lazarus interface to Android.

Platform specific Tips

• Android Programming - For Android smartphones and tablets
• iPhone/iPod development - About using Objective Pascal to develop iOS applications
• FreeBSD Programming Tips - FreeBSD programming tips
• Linux Programming Tips - How to execute particular programming tasks in Linux
• macOS Programming Tips - Lazarus tips, useful tools, Unix commands, and more...
• WinCE Programming Tips - Using the telephone API, sending SMSes, and more...
• Windows Programming Tips - Desktop Windows programming tips

Interface Development Articles

• Carbon interface internals - If you want to help improving the Carbon interface
• Windows CE Development Notes - For Pocket PC and Smartphones
• Adding a new interface - How to add a new widget set interface
• LCL Defines - Choosing the right options to recompile LCL
• LCL Internals - Some info about the inner workings of the LCL
• Cocoa Internals - Some info about the inner workings of the Cocoa widgetset

Code snippets

Listing all available drives

<delphi> program listdevices;

{$ifdef fpc}{$mode delphi}{$endif} {$apptype console}

uses

 Windows;

var

 Drive: Char;
 DriveLetter: string;

begin

 WriteLn('The following drives were found in this computer:');
 WriteLn();

 // Search all drive letters
 for Drive := 'A' to 'Z' do
 begin
   DriveLetter := Drive + ':\';
  
   case GetDriveType(PChar(DriveLetter)) of
    DRIVE_REMOVABLE: WriteLn(DriveLetter + ' Floppy Drive');
    DRIVE_FIXED:     WriteLn(DriveLetter + ' Fixed Drive');
    DRIVE_REMOTE:    WriteLn(DriveLetter + ' Network Drive');
    DRIVE_CDROM:     WriteLn(DriveLetter + ' CD-ROM Drive');
    DRIVE_RAMDISK:   WriteLn(DriveLetter + ' RAM Disk');
   end;
 end;

 // Also add a stop to see the result under Windows
 WriteLn();
 WriteLn('Please press <ENTER> to exit the program.');
 ReadLn(DriveLetter);

end. </delphi>

Creating a shortcut (.lnk) file

<delphi> UNIT shortcut;

INTERFACE

 uses windows;

 FUNCTION createShortcut(lnkpos : widestring; dstfn,dstargs,dstwdir,descr,iconfn : AnsiString; iconnum : longint) : boolean;

 // create a windows shortcut file (*.lnk)@lnkpos.
 // example: createSohrtcut('c:\test.lnk','c:\pascal\myprog.exe','-L 1000','c:\pascal','A nice Program.','c:\pascal\myprog.exe',0);

IMPLEMENTATION

TYPE REFCLSID = PGUID; REFIID = PGUID;

CONST CLSID_ShellLink : TGUID = '{00021401-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}'; IID_IShellLink : TGUID = '{000214EE-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}'; IID_IPersistFile : TGUID = '{0000010b-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}'; CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER = 1;

FUNCTION CoInitialize(p : pointer) : HRESULT; stdcall; external 'ole32.dll'; FUNCTION CoUninitialize(p : pointer) : HRESULT; stdcall; external 'ole32.dll'; FUNCTION CoCreateInstance(a:REFCLSID; b:pointer; c:DWORD; d:REFIID; e:pointer) : HRESULT; stdcall; external 'ole32.dll';

TYPE PPISHellLink = ^PISHellLink; PISHellLink = ^ISHellLink; ISHellLink = packed record

 QueryInterface : FUNCTION(basis,id,p : pointer) : Hresult; stdcall;
 AddRef : FUNCTION(basis : pointer) : Hresult; stdcall;
 Release : FUNCTION(basis : pointer) : Hresult; stdcall;
 GetPath : pointer;
 GetIDList : pointer;
 SetIDList : pointer;
 GetDescription : pointer;
 SetDescription : FUNCTION(basis : pointer; descr : Pchar) : Hresult; stdcall;
 GetWorkingDirectory : pointer;
 SetWorkingDirectory : FUNCTION(basis : pointer; descr : Pchar) : Hresult; stdcall;
 GetArguments : pointer;
 SetArguments : FUNCTION(basis : pointer; args : Pchar) : Hresult; stdcall;
 GetHotkey : pointer;
 SetHotkey : pointer;
 GetShowCmd : pointer;
 SetShowCmd : pointer;
 GetIconLocation : pointer;
 SetIconLocation : FUNCTION(basis : pointer; iconfile : Pchar; icon : longint) : Hresult; stdcall;
 SetRelativePath : pointer;
 Resolve : pointer;
 SetPath : FUNCTION(basis : pointer; path : Pchar) : Hresult; stdcall;

end;

PPIPersistFile = ^PIPersistFile; PIPersistFile = ^IPersistFile; IPersistFile = packed record

 QueryInterface : FUNCTION(basis,id,p : pointer) : Hresult; stdcall;
 AddRef : FUNCTION(basis : pointer) : Hresult; stdcall;
 Release : FUNCTION(basis : pointer) : Hresult; stdcall;
 GetClassID : FUNCTION(basis,p : pointer) : Hresult; stdcall;
 IsDirty : FUNCTION(basis : pointer) : Hresult; stdcall;
 Load : FUNCTION(basis : pointer; fn : Pchar; dw : dword) : Hresult; stdcall;
 Save : FUNCTION(basis : pointer; fn : Pchar; dw : dword) : Hresult; stdcall;
 SaveCompleted : FUNCTION(basis : pointer; fn : Pchar) : Hresult; stdcall;
 GetCurFile : FUNCTION(basis : pointer; fn : PPchar) : Hresult; stdcall;

end;

FUNCTION createShortcut(lnkpos : widestring; dstfn,dstargs,dstwdir,descr,iconfn : AnsiString; iconnum : longint) : boolean; VAR psl : PPISHellLink; psp : PPIPersistFile; BEGIN

 createShortcut := FALSE;
 if CoCreateInstance(@CLSID_ShellLink,nil,CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,@IID_IShellLink,@psl)=0 then begin

// writeln('got IShellLink');

   if  (psl^^.setPath(psl,@dstfn[1])=0)
   and (psl^^.SetArguments(psl,@dstargs[1])=0)
   and (psl^^.SetWorkingDirectory(psl,@dstwdir[1])=0)
   and (psl^^.SetDescription(psl,@descr[1])=0)
   and (psl^^.SetIconLocation(psl,@iconfn[1],iconnum)=0)
   and (psl^^.queryInterface(psl,@IID_IPersistFile,@psp)=0) then begin
     if psp^^.save(psp,@lnkpos[1],0)=0 then createShortcut := true;   
     psp^^.release(psp);
   end;
   psl^^.Release(psl);
 end;

END;

BEGIN

 CoInitialize(nil);

END. </delphi>