File size and smartlinking/fr
│
Deutsch (de) │
English (en) │
français (fr) │
日本語 (ja) │
português (pt) │
中文(中国大陆) (zh_CN) │
Cet article est un travail en cours au sujet de la taille de l'exécutable et du linkage futé sous Lazarus. Soyez libre de contribuer .
Introduction
Introduction
Dans Free Pascal, "smartlinking" enlève le code et les variables inutilisés de l'exécutable final. Ceci est fait pendant l'étape de lien, quand l'exécutable est écrit en utilisant les fichiers d'exécution créés par le compilateur plus tôt.
Étude de cas 1 dans Windows
This study was conducted on the 8th of February 2006 because a Lazarus fully compiled with Smartlinking was Released (version 0.9.12). It intends to establish the relationship between the varying results below with different Lazarus and Free Pascal versions as well as with Smartlinking and without.
The Variables being studied are:
- Executable size after strip
- Executable size after strip and UPX
- Linking time
Compile time isn´t considered here because it´s too similar on all configurations and much less significant than the link time.
Executable size without strip isn´t included. Notice that strip was used always from command line with the command:
strip --strip-all magnifier.exe
The program being compiled is the Virtual Magnifying Glass. The source and binaries for this program are freely available for download on: http://magnifier.sourceforge.net
About the linking time please note that the utilized computer is 3.2GHz Pentium 4 with Intel motherboard and dual core processor and 512MB of RAM.
Results
The utilized OS is Windows XP and the 0.9.13 versions are from the same date when 0.9.12 was release. The comparison took place using the following software configurations:
- Lazarus 0.9.12 available here. Free Pascal 2.0.2 that comes with the installer. LCL and RTL are smartlinked. Refered from now on as simply 0.9.12.
- Lazarus 0.9.13 downloaded from Subversion from the same date. Free Pascal 2.0.2 installed separately. The LCL is not smartlinked. Refered from now on as simply 0.9.13 + 2.0.2.
- Lazarus 0.9.13 snapshot. Free Pascal 2.1 that comes with the installer. The LCL is not smartlinked. Refered from now on as simply 0.9.13 + 2.1.
- Lazarus 0.9.13 snapshot. Free Pascal 2.1 that comes with the installer. The LCL is smartlinked. Refered from now on as simply 0.9.13 + 2.1 + SL.
0.9.12 | 0.9.13 + 2.0.2 | 0.9.13 + 2.1 + SL | 0.9.13 + 2.1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
File Size after strip (in bytes) | 1,108,480 | 1,587,712 | 1,425,408 | 1,649,152 |
File Size after UPX (in bytes) | 318,976 | 438,272 | 388,608 | 454,144 |
Linking time | 15 seconds | 5 seconds | 45 seconds | 10 seconds |
Conclusion
The 0.9.13 snapshot from the 8th of February 2006 features a unstable compiler from the 2.1 branch, which can cause the bigger executables and slower linking time as compared to the other versions.
The 0.9.12 version has the best file size of all, both with UPX and without, showing that Smartlinking really can diminish the file size in Windows. This, however, does not come without a cost, and the cost is linking time, which is about 3 times higher then without smartlinking.
The 0.9.12 version already comes fully configured for Smartlinking on Windows and no extra configuration is needed. This was not the case on previous releases.
Retirer les méhodes inutilisées dans une classe
Q: If a virtual method of a class is not used at all in the programm will the compiler remove it from the executable ?
A: If you use FPC 2.3.1 with whole-program optimization and the compiler can prove that it is never callable: yes. See Whole Program Optimization for more information. In case this is in relation to the thread on the Lazarus list about the big executables: note that it has only a limited effect on Lazarus programs, because almost all linked LCL code can potentially be executed (due to the way the LCL is constructed). In fact, I think most savings there come from making a number of virtual method calls non-virtual, rather than from throwing away unreachable code.
The internal linker can also do it (only throwing away virtual method calls, not turning virtual method calls into static ones), but only on Windows platforms. It is however not currently enabled in the compiler, because the changes break the external linker. It should therefore be turned into a command line option (along with a check that produces an error if you try to link a unit compiled with the option using the external linker), but that hasn't been done yet.
Q: How can the compiler determine that a virtual method is unused at all,
A: If you have a class hierarchy TBase->TDerived1->TDerived2 with a virtual method called "vmethod", and nowhere in the program there is a call to vmethod, then it is unused. Or if it is only called using TDerived2 instances, then if the linker does not find any direct references to TDerived1.vmethod or TBase.vmethod (e.g., via "inherited" calls from TDerived2 methods), it knows that the VMT entries for "vmethod" in TDerived1 and TBase can be set to nil.
Octets utilisé
Here's a layout by pascal units in bytes used for code. The size is based on Dwarf2 information generated. Doesn't include resources size used by a unit.
The project is a single form application (no additional controls used). Lazarus used is a Trunk version of 23 Jan 2020.
No optimization was used during compilation.
Size | Lib | Package | Category | File name |
---|---|---|---|---|
238704 | lcl | base | controls.pp | |
144064 | lcl | base | graphics.pp | |
111280 | lcl | ws | win32/win32int.pp | |
106880 | lcl | base | forms.pp | |
98000 | rtl | rtl | system.pp | |
94432 | lcl | base | intfgraphics.pas | |
90352 | lcl | base | comctrls.pp | |
90224 | rtl | rtl | classes.pp | |
59552 | lcl | base | stdctrls.pp | |
51888 | lcl | base | interfacebase.pp | |
50336 | rtl | rtl | ../win/sysutils.pp | |
37728 | lcl | base | imglist.pp | |
35456 | rtl | rtl | rtl-objpas/src/inc/variants.pp | |
33232 | lcl | lazutils | lazutf8.pas | |
31456 | lcl | base | extctrls.pp | |
30912 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpreadtiff.pas | |
30816 | lcl | ws | win32/win32wscomctrls.pp | |
30800 | lcl | ws | win32/win32wsmenus.pp | |
28832 | lcl | base | menus.pp | |
25984 | lcl | base | maskedit.pp | |
24480 | rtl | rtl | rtl-objpas/src/win/varutils.pp | |
24048 | lcl | base | dialogs.pp | |
23632 | fcl | json | fcl-json/src/fpjson.pp | |
23456 | lcl | ws | win32/win32wsstdctrls.pp | |
23408 | lcl | base | lclintf.pas | |
18448 | lcl | base | lresources.pp | |
17904 | lcl | lazutils | textstrings.pas | |
16736 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpcanvas.pp | |
16544 | lcl | lazutils | graphtype.pp | |
13408 | lcl | base | themes.pas | |
13168 | lcl | ws | win32/win32proc.pp | |
13136 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/pixtools.pp | |
13088 | lcl | lazutils | lazloggerbase.pas | |
12368 | lcl | lazutils | laz_avl_tree.pp | |
11872 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpimage.pp | |
11776 | lcl | base | actnlist.pas | |
11488 | lcl | base | buttons.pp | |
10576 | rtl | debug | ../inc/heaptrc.pp | |
10544 | lcl | ws | win32/win32wsbuttons.pp | |
10464 | rtl | rtl | ../objpas/typinfo.pp | |
9744 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpreadpng.pp | |
9696 | lcl | base | graphmath.pp | |
9536 | lcl | lazutils | lazlogger.pas | |
9424 | lcl | lazutils | lazfileutils.pas | |
9296 | lcl | base | buttonpanel.pas | |
9248 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpwritetiff.pas | |
8864 | lcl | base | clipbrd.pp | |
8768 | lcl | ws | win32/win32extra.pas | |
8768 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jquant2.pas | |
8720 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdmarker.pas | |
8160 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpwritepng.pp | |
8016 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpwritebmp.pp | |
7792 | fcl | zlib | paszlib/src/trees.pas | |
7648 | fcl | zlib | paszlib/src/zdeflate.pas | |
7536 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/ellipses.pp | |
7472 | lcl | ws | win32/win32wsforms.pp | |
7456 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpreadbmp.pp | |
7328 | lcl | ws | win32/win32themes.pas | |
6880 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdcoefct.pas | |
6864 | lcl | base | lclproc.pas | |
6624 | lcl | lazutils | lazutf16.pas | |
6400 | lcl | ws | win32/win32wscontrols.pp | |
6240 | fcl | zlib | paszlib/src/infblock.pas | |
5920 | lcl | base | lclrescache.pas | |
5792 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpreadjpeg.pas | |
5728 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fppixlcanv.pp | |
5680 | fcl | ws | win32/win32wsspin.pp | |
5648 | lcl | lazutils | maps.pp | |
5632 | lcl | ws | win32/win32wsimglist.pp | |
5568 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jchuff.pas | |
5520 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jmemmgr.pas | |
5392 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jquant1.pas | |
5264 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpreadgif.pas | |
5232 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdphuff.pas | |
5152 | lcl | base | imagelistcache.pas | |
5104 | lcl | base | widgetset/wsstdctrls.pp | |
5008 | fcl | json | fcl-json/src/jsonscanner.pp | |
4992 | lcl | base | widgetset/wslclclasses.pp | |
4880 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcphuff.pas | |
4848 | fcl | utils | fcl-base/src/contnrs.pp | |
4816 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fptiffcmn.pas | |
4768 | rtl | debug | ../inc/lnfodwrf.pp | |
4640 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcmaster.pas | |
4592 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdhuff.pas | |
4512 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcparam.pas | |
4256 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcsample.pas | |
4208 | lcl | base | widgetset/wscomctrls.pp | |
4160 | fcl | zlib | paszlib/src/infcodes.pas | |
3936 | fcl | zlib | paszlib/src/inftrees.pas | |
3616 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcmarker.pas | |
3584 | fcl | zlib | paszlib/src/zstream.pp | |
3584 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jidctint.pas | |
3488 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpwritepnm.pp | |
3472 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpreadpnm.pp | |
3360 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdmerge.pas | |
3312 | lcl | base | icnstypes.pas | |
3248 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jccoefct.pas | |
3216 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdsample.pas | |
3168 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdmainct.pas | |
3152 | lcl | base | widgetset/wsimglist.pp | |
3120 | lcl | base | spin.pp | |
3120 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdmaster.pas | |
3104 | rtl | winapi | winunits-base/src/uxtheme.pp | |
2992 | lcl | base | widgetset/wscontrols.pp | |
2944 | fcl | json | fcl-json/src/jsonparser.pp | |
2896 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jccolor.pas | |
2848 | fcl | zlib | paszlib/src/zinflate.pas | |
2832 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdcolor.pas | |
2816 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcdctmgr.pas | |
2752 | lcl | lazutils | lazmethodlist.pas | |
2736 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jidctred.pas | |
2704 | rtl | debug | ../inc/exeinfo.pp | |
2688 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jidctfst.pas | |
2576 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jidctflt.pas | |
2496 | rtl | rtl | ../objpas/fgl.pp | |
2464 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdinput.pas | |
2448 | lcl | ws | win32/win32wsfactory.pas | |
2352 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpwritejpeg.pas | |
2320 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcprepct.pas | |
2208 | lcl | lazutils | lclclasses.pp | |
2032 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jerror.pas | |
2016 | rtl | winapi | winunits-base/src/multimon.pp | |
2016 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jfdctint.pas | |
1952 | rtl | winapi | windows.pp | |
1888 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdapimin.pas | |
1872 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/clipping.pp | |
1824 | fcl | zlib | paszlib/src/inffast.pas | |
1808 | lcl | base | extendedstrings.pas | |
1712 | lcl | base | customtimer.pas | |
1648 | lcl | base | helpintfs.pas | |
1584 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jfdctfst.pas | |
1584 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jfdctflt.pas | |
1584 | rtl | rtl | ../objpas/math.pp | |
1472 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdpostct.pas | |
1360 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdapistd.pas | |
1280 | fcl | utils | fcl-base/src/custapp.pp | |
1200 | lcl | lazutils | lazfilecache.pas | |
1152 | lcl | base | widgetset/wsmenus.pp | |
1152 | lcl | lazutils | lazclasses.pas | |
1120 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jddctmgr.pas | |
1056 | lcl | base | widgetset/wsforms.pp | |
1040 | lcl | lazutils | integerlist.pas | |
1024 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcapimin.pas | |
992 | lcl | base | lcltype.pp | |
848 | lcl | lazutils | lazstringutils.pas | |
832 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpimgcanv.pp | |
768 | lcl | base | widgetset/wsproc.pp | |
688 | rtl | rtl | ../objpas/types.pp | |
672 | lcl | ws | win32/win32wsdialogs.pp | |
672 | lcl | lazutils | lazutf8classes.pas | |
656 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcmainct.pas | |
656 | rtl | rtl | ../inc/fpintres.pp | |
640 | lcl | lazutils | laztracer.pas | |
624 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdatasrc.pas | |
560 | fcl | image | fcl-image/src/fpimgcmn.pp | |
528 | fcl | zlib | paszlib/src/infutil.pas | |
528 | fcl | utils | fcl-base/src/syncobjs.pp | |
512 | lcl | base | lclmessageglue.pas | |
496 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jutils.pas | |
496 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jdatadst.pas | |
480 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcapistd.pas | |
464 | rtl | winapi | winunits-base/src/commctrl.pp | |
432 | lcl | base | widgetset/wsextctrls.pp | |
432 | fcl | zlib | paszlib/src/zbase.pas | |
384 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jmemnobs.pas | |
368 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcomapi.pas | |
336 | rtl | rtl | ../objpas/objpas.pp | |
288 | lcl | base | widgetset/wsdialogs.pp | |
288 | fcl | xml | fcl-xml/src/htmldefs.pp | |
256 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jinclude.pas | |
256 | fcl | jpeg | pasjpeg/src/jcinit.pas | |
256 | lcl | lazutils | lcltaskdialog.pas | |
256 | lcl | lazutils | laz2_xmlread.pas | |
224 | lcl | base | widgetset/wsspin.pp | |
208 | lcl | base | widgetset/wsbuttons.pp | |
208 | fcl | zlib | paszlib/src/adler.pas | |
192 | rtl | rtl | ../objpas/unicodedata.pas | |
144 | lcl | lazutils | avglvltree.pas | |
128 | lcl | base | widgetset/wsreferences.pp | |
112 | lcl | lazutils | stringhashlist.pas | |
112 | main | app | project1.lpr | |
96 | rtl | winapi | ../win/windirs.pp | |
96 | rtl | winapi | ../win/dos.pp | |
80 | lcl | base | lclversion.pas | |
80 | lcl | base | lclplatformdef.pas | |
80 | lcl | base | forms/calcform.pas | |
80 | lcl | lazutils | fileutil.pas | |
64 | lcl | ws | win32/interfaces.pp | |
64 | lcl | lazutils | lazutilities.pas | |
64 | lcl | lazutils | laz2_dom.pas | |
64 | rtl | rtl | ../inc/strings.pp | |
48 | lcl | lazutils | lconvencoding.pas | |
48 | lcl | lazutils | lazsysutils.pas | |
48 | lcl | lazutils | laz2_xmlutils.pas | |
48 | lcl | lazutils | fpcadds.pas | |
48 | fcl | utils | fcl-base/src/rttiutils.pp | |
32 | fcl | utils | fcl-base/src/gettext.pp |
- Note, that zlib is used for PNG images reading and writting
Par bibliothèque
Bibl. | code | pourcentage |
---|---|---|
rtl | 340752 | 15.46% |
lcl | 1491184 | 67.75% |
fcl | 372176 | 16.88% |
principal | 122 | 0.01% |
Total | 2204234 | 100% |
Voir aussi
- Size Matters/fr
- Guide pour les inexpérimentés qui oblige FPC et Lazarus à travailler correctement.
ANCIENNE VERSION
Étude de cas 1 dans Windows
Cette étude a été entreprise le 8 février 2006 parce Lazarus entièrement compilé avec Smartlinking est sortie (version 0.9.12). Il prévoit pour établir le rapport entre les résultats variables ci-dessous avec différent versions de Lazarus et Free Pascal aussi bien qu'avec Smartlinking et en dehors.
Les variables étant étudiées sont :
- Taille de l'exécutable après un Strip
- Taille de l'exécutable après un strip et un UPX
- temps de lien
Le temps de Compilation n'est pas considéré ici parce qu'il est trop semblable sur toutes les configurations et beaucoup moins significatif que le temps de lien.
La taille de l'exécutable sans Strip n'est pas incluse. Noter que Strip a toujours été employée en ligne de commande avec la commande :
strip --strip-all magnifier.exe
Le programme compilé est la loupe virtuelle. Le source et les binaires pour ce programme sont librement disponibles pour le téléchargement sur : http://magnifier.sourceforge.net
Au sujet du temps de lien noter svp que l'ordinateur utilisé est un Pentium 4 3.2GHz avec la carte mère Intel et un processeur dual core de 512MB de RAM.
Résultats
L'OS utilisé est Windows XP et la version 0.9.13 est de la même date qu'a la 0.9.12. La comparaison a eu lieu en utilisant les configurations logiciel suivantes:
- Lazarus 0.9.12 disponible ici. Free Pascal 2.0.2 vient avec l'installation. LCL et RTL sont smartlinked. Référencé dorénavant en tant que simplement 0.9.12.
- Lazarus 0.9.13 téléchargé de la SVN de la même date. Free Pascal 2.0.2 installé séparément. La LCL n'est pas smartlinked. Référencé dorénavant en tant que simple 0.9.13 + 2.0.2.
- Lazarus 0.9.13 snapshot. Free Pascal 2.1 vient avec l'installation. La LCL n'est pas smartlinked. Référencé dorénavant en tant que simple 0.9.13 + 2.1.
- Lazarus 0.9.13 snapshot. Free Pascal 2.1 vient avec l'installation. La LCL est smartlinked. Référencé dorénavant en tant que simple 0.9.13 + 2.1 SL.
0.9.12 | 0.9.13 + 2.0.2 | 0.9.13 + 2.1 + SL | 0.9.13 + 2.1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Volume du fichier après strip (en bytes) | 1108480 | 1587712 | 1425408 | 1649152 |
Volume du fichier après UPX (en bytes) | 318976 | 438272 | 388608 | 454144 |
Temps de lien | 15 seconds | 5 seconds | 45 seconds | 10 seconds |
Conclusion
La 0.9.13 snapshot du 8 février 2006 comporte un compilateur instable de la branche 2.1, ce qui peut faire des exécutables plus grands et le temps de lien plus lent par rapport aux autres versions.
La version 0.9.12 a le meilleur volume de fichier de tous, tous les deux avec UPX et sans, prouvant que Smartlinking peut vraiment diminuer le volume de fichier dans Windows. Ceci, cependant, ne vient pas sans coût, le coût de temps est le lien, ce qui est environ 3 fois plus haut que sans smartlinking.
La version 0.9.12 est déjà saturé de Smartlinking sur Windows et aucune configuration supplémentaire n'est nécessaire. Ceci n'était pas le cas sur les releases précédentes.