Basic Pascal Tutorial/Chapter 1/Program Structure/ja

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基礎1A - プログラム構造 (著者: Tao Yue, 状態: 修正あり)

Pascal プログラムの基本的な構造は以下の通りである。

PROGRAM プログラム名 (ファイルリスト);

CONST

 (* 定数宣言 *)

TYPE

 (* タイプの宣言 *)

VAR

 (* 変数の宣言 *)

(* サブプログラムの定義 *)

BEGIN

 (* 実行文 *)

END.

The PROGRAM 文は Free Pascal ではオプションである。

必要がなければ省略できるものもあるが、プログラムの要素は正しい順序でなくてはならない。ここには何も実行しないが、必要とされるすべての要素を持つプログラムを示している。

program DoNothing; begin end.

コメント文はコンパイルも実行もされないコードのことである。Free Pascal は2種類のタイプのコメント文をサポートしている。自由形式と行ベースである。Free-form のコメント文は「(*」で始まり、「*)」で終わるか、もっと一般的なのは「{」で始まり、「}」で終わる。コメント文は以下に示すような入れ子にはできない。

       (* (* *) *)

これはエラーになる。なぜならコンパイラはまず「(*」と最初の「*)」を認識し、2番目の, ignoring the second '(*' which is between the first set of comment markers. The second '*)' is left without its matching '(*'. This problem with begin-end comment markers is one reason why many languages use line-based commenting systems.

Free Pascal also supports // as a line-based comment. When two slashes appear, other than in a quoted string or a free-form comment, the rest of the line is ignored.

Turbo Pascal and most other modern compilers support free-form brace comments, such as {Comment}. The opening brace signifies the beginning of a block of comments, and the ending brace signifies the end of a block of comments. Brace comments are also used for compiler directives.

Commenting makes your code easier to understand. If you write your code without comments, you may come back to it weeks, months, or years later without a guide to why you coded the program that way. In particular, you may want to document the major design of your program and insert comments in your code when you deviate from that design for a good reason.

In addition, comments are often used to take problematic code out of action without deleting it. Remember the earlier restriction on nesting comments? It just so happens that braces {} take precedence over parentheses-stars (* *). You will not get an error if you do this:

{ (* Comment *) }

Whitespace (spaces, tabs, and end-of-lines) are ignored by the Pascal compiler unless they are inside a literal string. However, to make your program readable by human beings, you should indent your statements and put separate statements on separate lines. Indentation is often an expression of individuality by programmers, but collaborative projects usually select one common style to allow everyone to work from the same page.