Networking
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This page contains both tutorials/code and information with regard to network programming with Lazarus as well as plain FPC.
TCP/IP Protocol
![Note icon Light bulb](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Nuvola_apps_ktip.png)
CGI/FastCGI - REST, CRUD, chat, blog, web page etc.
These functionalities can be used with fcl-web. They are also built into the Brook framework. Please have a look at this page. https://github.com/silvioprog/brookframework
SSH/Telnet client, sending emails, downloading files, OAuthv1 examples
See the Synapse page.
Webserver example
Given below is an example http server written with Synapse and tested in Win XP and macOS, after changing the Synapse source to use a fixed constant $20000 as MSG_NOSIGNAL, because this constant isn't present in the sockets unit in macOS. Note: please send your bug reports to the Synapse project - they are quite responsive - so everybody profits from improvements. To do: check if this modification is still needed for current (Oct 2012) Synapse
{
The Micro Pascal WebServer
This is a very simple example webserver implemented with the Synapse library.
It works with blocking sockets and a single thread, so it
can only handle one request at a given time.
It will write the headers that it receives from the browser
to the standard output.
It serves a fixed webpage for the / URI
For any other URI it will return 404 not found
}
program upserver;
{$ifdef fpc}
{$mode delphi}
{$endif}
{$apptype console}
uses
Classes, blcksock, sockets, Synautil, SysUtils;
{@@
Attends a connection. Reads the headers and gives an
appropriate response
}
procedure AttendConnection(ASocket: TTCPBlockSocket);
var
timeout: integer;
s: string;
method, uri, protocol: string;
OutputDataString: string;
ResultCode: integer;
begin
timeout := 120000;
WriteLn('Received headers+document from browser:');
//read request line
s := ASocket.RecvString(timeout);
WriteLn(s);
method := fetch(s, ' ');
uri := fetch(s, ' ');
protocol := fetch(s, ' ');
//read request headers
repeat
s := ASocket.RecvString(Timeout);
WriteLn(s);
until s = '';
// Now write the document to the output stream
if uri = '/' then
begin
// Write the output document to the stream
OutputDataString :=
'<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"'
+ ' "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">' + CRLF
+ '<html><h1>Teste</h1></html>' + CRLF;
// Write the headers back to the client
ASocket.SendString('HTTP/1.0 200' + CRLF);
ASocket.SendString('Content-type: Text/Html' + CRLF);
ASocket.SendString('Content-length: ' + IntTostr(Length(OutputDataString)) + CRLF);
ASocket.SendString('Connection: close' + CRLF);
ASocket.SendString('Date: ' + Rfc822DateTime(now) + CRLF);
ASocket.SendString('Server: Servidor do Felipe usando Synapse' + CRLF);
ASocket.SendString('' + CRLF);
// if ASocket.lasterror <> 0 then HandleError;
// Write the document back to the browser
ASocket.SendString(OutputDataString);
end
else
ASocket.SendString('HTTP/1.0 404' + CRLF);
end;
var
ListenerSocket, ConnectionSocket: TTCPBlockSocket;
begin
ListenerSocket := TTCPBlockSocket.Create;
ConnectionSocket := TTCPBlockSocket.Create;
ListenerSocket.CreateSocket;
ListenerSocket.setLinger(true,10);
ListenerSocket.bind('0.0.0.0','1500');
ListenerSocket.listen;
repeat
if ListenerSocket.canread(1000) then
begin
ConnectionSocket.Socket := ListenerSocket.accept;
WriteLn('Attending Connection. Error code (0=Success): ', ConnectionSocket.lasterror);
AttendConnection(ConnectionSocket);
ConnectionSocket.CloseSocket;
end;
until false;
ListenerSocket.Free;
ConnectionSocket.Free;
end.
TCP/IP Client - Server Example using built-in FCL-Net components
Please have a look at this blog post.
Download HTTP page body, web server upload using POST, get external IP address
These examples (using the FPC/Lazarus built in fphttpclient) can be found at fphttpclient#Examples
LazWebsockets
A WebSocket is a persistent connection between a client and server. WebSockets provide a bidirectional, full-duplex communications channel that operates over HTTP through a single TCP/IP socket connection. At its core, the WebSocket protocol facilitates message passing between a client and server. LazWebsockets provides a small Websocket server and client implementation written for the FPC and Lazarus. It is based on the FCL ssockets unit and therefore independent of any additional dependencies. It can be easily built using only the FPC without Lazarus. There is a chat server and chat client example demo.
Web Services
According to the W3C a Web service is a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network. It has an interface that is described in a machine-processable format such as WSDL. Other systems interact with the Web service in a manner prescribed by its interface using messages, which may be enclosed in a SOAP envelope, or follow a REST approach. These messages are typically conveyed using HTTP, and are normally comprised of XML in conjunction with other Web-related standards. Software applications written in various programming languages and running on various platforms can use web services to exchange data over computer networks like the Internet in a manner similar to inter-process communication on a single computer. This interoperability (e.g., between Windows and Linux applications) is due to the use of open standards. OASIS and the W3C are the primary committees responsible for the architecture and standardization of web services. To improve interoperability between web service implementations, the WS-I organisation has been developing a series of profiles to further define the standards involved.
RSS example
For an RSS example, see this article RSS Unit.
Web Service Toolkit for FPC & Lazarus
Web Service Toolkit is a web services package for FPC and Lazarus.
Using Google Translate
For an example of using the Google translation service, see the article Using Google Translate which employs the fphttpclient component from the fcl-web package.
See also
- Web Development Portal
- Networking libraries - comparison of various networking libraries
- Brook for Free Pascal - The perfect Free Pascal framework for your web applications. It's pure Pascal. You don't need to leave your preferred programming language.
- openurl
- FastPlaz - Fast Web Framework for pascal. More features like theme/templating, simple Model, session, mailer, etc.
- Sockets - TCP/IP Sockets components
- fcl-net - Networking library supplied with FPC
- Indy_with_Lazarus - Networking Components; How to install
- lNet - Lightweight Networking Components
- Synapse - Serial port and synchronous TCP/IP Library
- XML Tutorial - XML is often utilized on network communications
- FPC and Apache Modules
- fcl-web - Also known as fpWeb, this is a library to develop web applications which can be deployed as cgi, fastcgi or apache modules.
- Secure Programming
- Internet Tools - A wrapper around Synapse/WinInet/Android's HTTP components simplifying HTTPS and redirections, and a XPath/XQuery/CSS Selector/JSONiq engine to process the downloaded pages
- Fano Framework - Web application framework written in Free Pascal.
macOS
- macOS NSURLConnection This API lets you load the contents of a URL via HTTP and HTTPS by providing a URL request object.
- macOS NSURLSession This class and related classes provide an API for downloading content via HTTP and HTTPS.
- macOS open command Opens a URL in the default web browser.
Windows
- WinInet (Windows Internet) API enables your application to interact with FTP and HTTP protocols to access Internet resources.